Functional activity of bronchial granulocytes in the cytokine profile formation in asthma patients during airway reaction to cold stimulus

Abstract

Introduction. The expression of cytokine genes for Th2 and Th1 types and epithelial dysfunction associated with the production of information molecules of inflammation and oxidative stress by granulocytes are indicators of the functional activity of bronchial granulocytes in patients with bronchial asthma (BA).

Aim - to study the activity of granulocytes in the formation of the cytokine profile and structural signs of epithelial dysfunction in asthma patients with cold airway hyperresponsiveness (CAHR).

Material and methods. 22 patients with persistent asthma with cold airway hyperresponsiveness (1st group) and 20 asthma patients with no reaction to cold air (2nd group) were examined. Lung function indices were recorded by spirometry, a 3-minute test by isocapnic hyperventilation with cold (-20°C) air (IHCA) was performed. In sputum collected before and after IHCA, cytosis, composition, degree of destruction and intensity of cytolysis of cellular elements, cytokine content (IL-1β, IL-8, TNFα, IL-18, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) were determined.

Results. In the sputum of patients of 1st group, in response to the IHCA, an increase in cytosis, a decrease in the number of bronchial epithelial cells due to destruction and cytolysis were observed. After the IHCA in 1st group, in relation to the 2nd group, an increase in the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNFα was recorded. A close relationship was found between the concentration of IL-1β and IL-8 in sputum and a high level of cytosis after the IHCA, as well as between the level of IL-18 and the level of cytosis before and after the IHCA.

Conclusion. The processes of destruction and cytolysis of neutrophils, accompanied by an increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as structural signs of epithelial dysfunction during the reaction of bronchi of asthma patients to a cold stimulus, occupy an important place in the formation of cold airway hyperresponsiveness.

Keywords:bronchial asthma; cold airway hyperresponsiveness; bronchial granulocytes; neutrophil activity; destruction and cytolysis of bronchial epithelium; proinflammatory cytokines

For citation: Pirogov A.B., Prikhodko A.G., Naumov D.E., Perelman J.M. Functional activity of bronchial granulocytes in the cytokine profile formation in asthma patients during airway reaction to cold stimulus. Immunologiya. 2020; 41 (5): 432-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/0206-4952-2020-41-5-432-440 (in Russian)

Funding. The study had no sponsor support.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

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