Cytokine storm: causes and consequences
Abstract
Cytokine storm (CS) is an immunopathological reaction of the human body, characterized by hypercytokinemia and the development of systemic life-threatening conditions. Having various names - CS syndrome, cytokine release syndrome, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, hypercytokinemia, macrophage activation syndrome - CS determines the leading contribution of an excessive amount of cytokines - tumor necrosis factor α, interferon-γ, interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6 et al. - in severe clinical syndromes in infectious, oncological, autoimmune and other human diseases. The review indicated inducers of CS, the role of the endothelium of blood vessels as a powerful source of cytokines that expands the pathogenic effect of focal of inflammation on the human body. Clinical syndromes developed as a consequence of systemic exposure to excessive amount of proinflammatory cytokines and include acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome are reviewed in the article. The tactics of CS treatment in dependence on the severity of patient’ clinical state is described.
Keywords:cytokine storm; inducers; pathogenesis; treatment
For citation: Potapnev M.P Cytokine storm. Causes and consequences. Immunologiya. 2021; 42 (2): 175-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/0206-4952-2021-42-2-175-188 (in Russian)
Funding. The study had no sponsor support.
Conflict of interests. Author declares no conflict of interests.
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