Changes in the functional properties of dendritic cells upon contact with microorganisms of the genera Bacillus, Lactiplantibacillus and Limosilactobacillus

Abstract

Introduction. Previously, we compared the efficacy of phagocytosis and induction of dendritic cell (DC) maturation by 8 different bacteria and yeasts capable of permanent or temporary persistence in the gastrointestinal tract in order to select candidate bacterial vectors for live oral vaccines. It was shown that DCs most effectively absorb microorganisms of the Bacillus, Lactiplantibacillus and Limosilactobacillus genera, and microorganisms of the Bacillus genus more effectively cause DC maturation.

The aim of the study – to evaluate the effect of microorganisms of the genera Bacillus, Lactiplantibacillus and Limosilactobacillus on the functional properties of DCs.

Material and methods. We stimulated human monocyte-derived DCs with inactivated bacteria and assessed cytokine production and the ability of DCs to stimulate of lymphocytes in an allogeneic mixed culture with pure CD4+ T cells.

Results. Microorganisms of the genus Bacillus stimulate the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 by DCs. Preincubation of DCs with these bacteria enhances the transformation of CD4+ T-lymphocytes into lymphoblasts and suppresses the production of IL-10 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in a mixed culture with T-lymphocytes. DC preincubation with B. licheniformis causes a moderate increase in IL-17 production in a mixed culture, while DC preincubation with B. cereus increases RORc gene expression and also causes a slight increase in the number of CD25+FOXP3+ T cells without a stable increase in FOXP3 gene expression. Lactobacilli weakly stimulate the production of cytokines by DCs and do not affect the ability of DCs to induce blast transformation of CD4+ T cells and generation of CD25+FOXP3+ T cells. DC preincubation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum causes a slight decrease in IL-10 production in the mixed culture, while DC preincubation with Limosilactobacillus fermentum does not affect the production of this cytokine, but weakens the production of IFN-γ and IL-17.

Conclusion. Microorganisms of the genus Bacillus cause a moderate increase in the stimulating properties of DCs. Lactobacilli have a weak effect on the production of cytokines by DCs and moderately weaken the ability of DCs to stimulate the pro-inflammatory activity of T-lymphocytes.

Keywords:dendritic cells; T-lymphocytes; regulatory T cells; cytokines; intestinal microorganisms

For citation: Talayev V.Yu., Zaichenko I.Ye., Svetlova M.V., Voronina E.V., Babaykina О.N., Soloveva I.V., Belova I.V., Tochilina A.G. Changes in the functional properties of dendritic cells upon contact with microorganisms of the genera Bacillus, Lactiplantibacillus and Limosilactobacillus. Immunologiya. 2022; 43 (5): 504–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/0206-4952-2022-43-5-504-514 (in Russian)

Funding. The study had no sponsor support.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Authors’ contribution. Article writing – Talayev V.Yu.; work with dendritic cells – Zaichenko I.Ye., Voronina E.V.; flow cytometry – Svetlova M.V.; work with microorganisms – Zaichenko I.Ye., Babaykina O.N., Soloveva I.V., Belova I.V., Tochilina A.G.

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