Severe asthma and COVID-19 in a real clinical practice
AbstractIntroduction. Existing data about the mutual influence of COVID-19 and severe asthma are controversial. Little is known about effect of asthma treatment on risk and severity of COVID-19.
Aim – to assess frequency and severity of COVID-19 in patients with severe asthma on different treatment as well as the influence of COVID-19 on severe asthma in a retrospective study.
Material and methods. We recruited 99 adult outpatients [men 35 (35 %)/women 64 (65 %)] aged 18–81 years with severe asthma. They were retrospectively assessed during 2020–2022. 49 patients were treated by conventional therapy (ICS/LABA ± tiotropium, montelukast, OCS) only and 50 patients additionally received biologicals (оmalizumab – 7 pts, мepolizumab – 14 pts, вenralizumab – 12 pts, dupilumab – 17 pts). Data concerning COVID-19 and appropriate vaccination were collected during on-site visits or by phone and different messengers. Asthma control was assessed by using Russian version of ACQ-5.
Results. The use of biologicals in patients with severe asthma did not lead to more frequent incidence or more severe course of COVID-19. Hospitalization rate was lower in patients who received biologicals (24 %) compared to patients treated by conventional therapy (46 %, p < 0.05). COVID-19 led to worsening of asthma control in a half of patients with conventional therapy and in a third of patients with biologicals.
Conclusion. The use of biologicals added to conventional therapy in patients with severe asthma in a real clinical practice did not lead to more frequent incidence or more severe course of COVID-19. New coronavirus infection was associated with worsening of asthma control in some patients.
Keywords:severe asthma; COVID-19; biologicals; real clinical practice
For citation: Sergeeva G.R., Emelyanov A.V., Tsukanova I.V., Leshenkova E.V., Znakhurenko A.A. Severe asthma and COVID-19 in a real clinical practice. Immunologiya. 2023; 44 (1): 63–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/0206-4952-2023-44-1-63-71 (in Russian)
Funding. The study had no sponsor support.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Authors’ contribution. Study concept and design – Emelyanov A.V., Sergeeva G.R.; data collecting and processing – Sergeeva G.R., Tsukanova I.V., Leshenkova E.V., Znakhurenko A.A.; statistical processing – Sergeeva G.R.; text writing – Sergeeva G.R.; editing – Emelyanov A.V.
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