Dynamic assessment of the intensity of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunization against COVID-19 with the vaccine «Sputnik V»
AbstractIntroduction. Searching for the best solution of preventing the development of complications after SARS-CoV-2-infection and reducing mortality from this highly contagious disease, is significantly complicated by the high virulence and constant mutations of the virus. Dynamic monitoring of the immune response of the population is still an important part in improving the algorithms for diagnosing and treating COVID-19. This work continues the series of studies on the features of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in convalescents and recipients of the vaccine «Sputnik V».
The aim of the study – dynamic comparative assessment of the intensity of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunization against COVID-19 with the vaccine «Sputnik V» after 4 and 13 months after vaccination.
Material and methods. The content of IgG-antibodies to the S- and N-antigen of SARS-CoV-2 was studied in 74 samples of blood sera of individuals aged 18 to 70 who recovered from COVID-19 and then underwent a full course of immunization with the vaccine «Sputnik V» after 4 and 13 months. We also studied 12 samples of blood sera from individuals who’d completed a full course of immunization with the vaccine «Sputnik V» and did not suffer from COVID-19. Ranking by age or gender was unnecessary.
Results. A high level of IgG-antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein is observed in 85 % of those who have been recovered from COVID-19 after 4 months after vaccination and in 67 % after 13 months. A significant increase in the proportion of high levels of IgG-antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein with an almost twofold decrease in the proportion of the «grey zone» and negative results was shown, possibly due to of a contact with the SARS-CoV-2 strain «omicron» or suffering from COVID-19asymptomatically.
Conclusion. The study shown the presence of intense post-vaccination and post-infection humoral immunity response in people, who had previously recovered from COVID-19, after 4 and 13 months after vaccination.
Keywords:COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; omicron; antibodies; post-vaccination immunity
For citation: Nechay K.O., Andreev A.I., Andreev I.V., Esaulova D.R., Baklakova O.S., Shadyzheva M.B., Romanova L.V., Gegechkori V.I., Cherchenko N.G., Vechorko V.I., Kofiadi I.A., Gudima G.O., Martynov A.I., Smirnov V.V., Kudlay D.A., Khaitov M.R. Dynamic assessment of the intensity of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunization against COVID-19 with the vaccine «Sputnik V». Immunologiya. 2023; 44 (2): 157–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/0206-4952-2023-44-2-157-166 (in Russian)
Funding. The study had no sponsor support.
Conflict of interests. Authors declare no conflict of interests.
Authors’ contribution. Authors contributed equally to the writing of the article.
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