Pathogenetic significance of the IL-10 family in severe acne

• Alexander G. Rumyantsev
• Olga M. Demina
• Vyacheslav V. Grechenko
• Lyudmila V. Gankovskaya
• Nikolay N. Potekaev

Abstract

Introduction. Currently, it has been established that acne is an inflammatory dermatosis with early subclinical formation of an inflammatory reaction. The family of cytokines associated with IL-10 includes several representatives: IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26 and type III interferons (IL-28A, IL-28B and IL-29). Currently, the mechanism of inflammation induction in acne is multicomponent, but not yet fully understood. At the same time, the role of the IL-10 family in the pathogenesis of acne has not been fully established.

Aim – to study the pathogenetic significance of the IL-10 family (IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-26) and type III interferons (IL-28A/IFN-λ2, IL-29/IFN-λ1) in severe acne.

Material and methods. To achieve this goal, a prospective open, non-randomized, single-center comparative study was conducted in 2020–2023. We observed 77 people aged 16 to 44 years in clinical conditions (median – 23.5 [10.7; 25.9] year). Studies of the levels of cytokines IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-26 and type III interferons (IL-28A/IFN-λ2, IL-29/IFN-λ1) were carried out in all 57 patients of the main group and 20 apparently healthy individuals of the comparison group in blood serum using multiplex enzyme immunoassay (Bio-Plex system using Luminex xMAP technology) using the Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Treg Cytokine Panel, 12-Plex (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA). The results of the multiplex analysis were read on the Bio-Plex 200 System analyzer (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA) using Luminex xPONENT software. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using software products Microsoft Excel 2016, GraphPad Prizm 5.0 and Statistica 10.0.

Results. The level of cytokines IL-20, IL-22, IL-26 in the blood serum of patients with severe acne was significantly (p < 0.05) increased relative the comparison group. At the same time, the level of cytokines IL-10 and IL-19, which have pronounced anti-inflammatory activity, significantly increased in the main group compared with the comparison group. Analysis of the level of type III interferons IL-28A/IFN-λ2 and IL-29/IFN-λ1 showed its significant increase (p < 0.05) in the sera of acne patients compared with the comparison group.

Conclusion. The data obtained by us on changes in the levels of cytokines of the IL-10 family (IL-10, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-26) and type III interferons (IL-28A/IFN-λ2, IL-29/IFN-λ1) indicate a violation of the interaction of innate and adaptive immunity systems in severe acne, which is important for understanding the mechanism of development of this disease.

Keywords:acne; IL-10 family; cytokines; interferons; inflammation

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