The role of residual xenoanthigens in the degeneration of xenogenic bioprosthetic heart valves

• Kostyunin A.E.
• Rezvova M.A.

Abstract

Xenogenic tissue heart valves are superior to mechanical heart valves prostheses in terms of optimal hydrodynamics and low thrombogenicity which does not require lifelong anticoagulant therapy. However, xenotissue heart valves are apt to calcification limiting their widespread use, especially in children and young adults. Recently, there are a lot of data suggesting that humoral and cellular immune response have been involved in the degeneration of xenotissue heart valves in addition to passive physical and physicochemical processes. The main triggers of the immune response to xenotissue implants are carbohydrate antigens, such as galactose-α-1,3-galactose and N-glycolylneuramic acid. We assume that the improvement of biomaterial chemical modification and/or use of knockout animals for the valve device manufacture may increase the life of xenotissue heart valves and reduce the number of reoperations.

Keywords:bioprosthetic heart valves; dysfunctions; calcification; xenoantigens; galactose-α1,3-galactose; N-glycolylneuraminic acid; review

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