The role of the triad of respiratory epithelial cell-derived cytokines in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis
AbstractAllergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, which affects up to 30 % in Europe and 20 % in Russian Federation. Despite the fact that AR is not a severe pathology it causes significant economic issue (1–1.5 billion euros is annual direct costs of AR treatment in European Union). Moreover, 40 % of patients with AR subsequently develop more severe disabling pathology – bronchial asthma (annual mortality reaches up to 300,000 people worldwide). Approaches to AR therapy include pharmacotherapy with corticosteroids, histamine H1 receptor blockers and leukotriene antagonists, and allergen-specific immunotherapy. However, current treatments are insufficient, as evidenced by the continuing rise in morbidity. The search for new ways to prevent and control of this disease is an urgent task.
According to the current knowledge, the main role in AR pathogenesis play immune cells: Th2-lymphocytes, B-cells and eosinophils, which secrete proinflammatory cytokines (mainly IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) and other inflammatory factors that induce manifestations of the pathology. However, with the development of new molecular methods a lot of evidence has been accumulated for the participation of epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and proinflammatory cytokines derived from them (IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP) in the pathogenesis of AR. In the current review, we summarize the data on the role of the triad of epithelial cell-derived cytokines in the pathogenesis of AR.
Keywords:allergic rhinitis; epithelial cytokines; IL-25; IL-33; TSLP
For citation: Shilovskiy I.P., Timotievich E.D., Kaganova M.M., Pasikhov G.B., Tahanovich A.D., Kadushkin A.G., Gudima G.O., Khaitov M.R. The role of the triad of respiratory epithelial cell-derived cytokines in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Immunologiya. 2024; 45 (2): 245–55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/1816-2134-2024-45-2-245-255 (in Russian)
Funding. The study was supported by Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-45-10031 (https://rscf.ru/project/23-45-10031).
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Authors’ contribution. All authors have contributed equally to the study, read the final version of the article and agreed with its contents.
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