5 . 2019

Respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice inducing airway disfunction associated with lung tissue inflammation as a model of human pathology

Abstract

Abstract. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. RSV infection, characterized by high morbidity and mortality, is a serious public health problem. There are no licensed vaccines available for the prevention of this disease. Save and affordable medications for RSV treatment were not developed yet. One of the main difficulties to study RSV pathogenesis and to develop new approaches for its therapy is the lack universal animal model that recapitulates all aspects of human pathology. There are exist animal models of RSV infection in mice, rats, ferrets, calves, sheeps, chimpanzees, etc. Most often, mice are used for RSV modeling, since their use is most economically feasible. However, RSV is not a natural pathogen for mice, therefore its replication in the mouse respiratory tract is not significant, and pathological features are poorly expressed. That is the main reason why all aspects of human RSV pathology could not be reproduced in mice simultaneously. In this study, we created the BALB/c mouse infection protocol with purified and concentrated RSV (strain A2), which allows induce such clinically significant manifestations of human pathology as bronchial hyperreactivity, pneumonia, respiratory tract infiltration by pro-inflammatory cells, etc. A study showed that RSV infection activates mainly Th1 immune response in mice, which is consistent with clinical observations in humans. Model of RSV infection in mice developed in this study can be used both to clarify the pathogenesis of the disease and to test new approaches for anti-RSV therapy.

Keywords:respiratory syncytial virus; murine model; immune response

For citation: Shilovskiy I.P, Nikolskii A.A., Nikonova A.A., Gaisina A.R., Vishniakova L.I., Barvinskaya E.D., Kovchina VI., Bolotova S.I., Yumashev K.V., Brylina V.E., Khaitov M.R. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice inducing airway disfunction associated with lung tissue inflammation as a model of human pathology. Immunologiya. 2019. 40 (5): 72-83. doi: 10.24411/0206-4952-2019-15008.

Funding. The study was supported by RSF No 18-74-10002.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

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