Литература/References
1. Hotchkiss R.S., Moldawer L.L., Opal S.M., Reinhart K., et al. Sepsis and septic shock. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 2016; 2: 16045.
2. Singer M., Deutschman C.S., Seymour C.W., Shankar-Hari M., et al. The Third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016; 315 (8): 801-10.
3. Peters van Ton A.M., Kox M., Abdo W.F., Pickkers P. Precision immunotherapy for sepsis. Front. Immunol [Electronic Resource]. 2018 Sep 5; 9. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133985/ (date of access September 25, 2018) doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01926
4. Gaieski D.F., Edwards J.M., Kallan M.J., Carr B.G. Benchmarking the incidence and mortality of severe sepsis in the United States. Crit. Care Med. 2013; 41 (5): 1167-74.
5. Otto G.P., Sossdorf M., Claus R.A., Rodel J., et al. The late phase of sepsis is characterized by an increased microbiological burden and death rate. Crit. Care. 2011; 15 (4): R183.
6. Venet F., Lukaszewicz A.-C., Payen D., Hotchkiss R., et al. Monitoring the immune response in sepsis: a rational approach to administration of immunoadjuvant therapies. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 2013; 25 (4): 477-83.
7. Peters van Ton A.M., Kox M., Abdo W.F., Pickkers P. Precision immunotherapy for sepsis. Front. Immunol [Electronic Resource]. 2018 Sep 5; 9. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133985/ (date of access September 25, 2018) doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01926
8. Hotchkiss R.S., Nicholson D.W. Apoptosis and caspases regulate death and inflammation in sepsis. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2006; 6 (11): 813-22.
9. Hotchkiss R.S., Swanson P.E., Freeman B.D., Tinsley K.W., et al. Apoptotic cell death in patients with sepsis, shock, and multiple organ dysfunction. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 27 (7): 1230-51.
10. Hotchkiss R.S., Chang K.C., Grayson M.H., Tinsley K.W., et al. Adoptive transfer of apoptotic splenocytes worsens survival, whereas adoptive transfer of necrotic splenocytes improves survival in sepsis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2003; 100 (11): 6724-9.
11. Lin C.-W., Lo S., Hsu C., Hsieh C.-H., et al. T-cell autophagy deficiency increases mortality and suppresses immune responses after sepsis. PLoS One. 2014; 9 (7): e102066.
12. Cadwell K. Crosstalk between autophagy and inflammatory signaling pathways: balancing host defence and homeostasis. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2016; 16 (11): 661-75.
13. Hsieh Y.-C., Athar M., Chaudry I.H. When apoptosis meets autophagy: deciding cell fate after trauma and sepsis. Trends Mol. Med. 2009; 15 (3): 129-38.
14. Oami T., Watanabe E., Hatano M., Sunahara S., et al. Suppression of T cell autophagy results in decreased viability and function of T cells through accelerated apoptosis in a murine sepsis model. Crit. Care Med. 2017; 45 (1): e77-85.
15. Biswas S.K., Lopez-Collazo E. Endotoxin tolerance: new mechanisms, molecules and clinical significance. Trends Immunol. 2009; 30 (10): 475-87.
16. Morris M.C., Gilliam E.A., Li L. Innate immune programing by endotoxin and its pathological consequences. Front. Immunol. [Electronic Resource]. 2015 Jan 6; 5. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4285116/ (date of access March 15, 2019) doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00680
17. Shalova I.N., Lim J.Y., Chittezhath M., Zinkernagel A.S., et al. Human monocytes undergo functional re-programming during sepsis mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1a. Immunity. 2015; 42 (3): 484-98.
18. Wolk K., Docke W.D., von Baehr V, Volk H.D., et al. Impaired antigen presentation by human monocytes during endotoxin tolerance. Blood. 2000; 96 (1): 218-23.
19. Allantaz-Frager F., Turrel-Davin F., Venet F., Monnin C., et al. Identification of biomarkers of response to IFNg during endotoxin tolerance: application to septic shock. PLoS One. 2013; 8 (7): e68218.
20. Hoogendijk A.J., Garcia-Laorden M.I., van Vught L.A., Wiewel M.A., et al. Sepsis patients display a reduced capacity to activate nuclear factor-KB in multiple cell types. Crit. Care Med. 2017; 45 (5): e524-31.
21. Gabrilovich D.I. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cancer Immunol/ Res. 2017; 5 (1): 3-8.
22. Mathias B., Delmas A.L., Ozrazgat-Baslanti T., et al. Human myeloid-derived suppressor cells are associated with chronic immune suppression after severe sepsis/septic shock. PubMed -NCBI [Electronic Resource]. (date of access September 22, 2018) doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000001783
23. Uhel F., Azzaoui I., Gregoire M., Pangault C., et al. Early expansion of circulating granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells predicts development of nosocomial infections in patients with sepsis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2017; 196 (3): 315-27.
24. Pillay J., Kamp V.M., van Hoffen E., Visser T., et al. A subset of neutrophils in human systemic inflammation inhibits T cell responses through Mac-1. J. Clin. Invest. 2012; 122 (1): 327-36.
25. Demaret J., Venet F., Friggeri A., Cazalis M.-A., et al. Marked alterations of neutrophil functions during sepsis-induced immunosuppression. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2015; 98 (6): 1081-90.
26. Venet F., Monneret G. Advances in the understanding and treatment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 2018; 14 (2): 121-37.
27. Monneret G., Venet F. Sepsis-induced immune alterations monitoring by flow cytometry as a promising tool for individualized therapy. Cytometry B Clin. Cytom. 2016; 90 (4): 376-86.
28. Galbraith N., Walker S., Carter J., Polk H.C. Past, present, and future of augmentation of monocyte function in the surgical patient. Surg. Infect. (Larchmt.). 2016; 17 (5): 563-9.
29. Guignant C., Lepape A., Huang X., Kherouf H., et al. Programmed death-1 levels correlate with increased mortality, nosocomial infection and immune dysfunctions in septic shock patients. Crit. Care. 2011; 15 (2): R99.
30. Roquilly A., Villadangos J.A. The role of dendritic cell alterations in susceptibility to hospital-acquired infections during critical-illness related immunosuppression. Mol. Immunol. 2015; 68 (2 Pt A): 120-3.
31. Guisset O., Dilhuydy M.-S., Thiebaut R., Lefevre J., et al. Decrease in circulating dendritic cells predicts fatal outcome in septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 2007; 33 (1): 148-52.
32. Grimaldi D., Louis S., Pene F., Sirgo G., et al. Profound and persistent decrease of circulating dendritic cells is associated with ICU-acquired infection in patients with septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 2011; 37 (9): 1438-46.
33. Venet F., Davin F., Guignant C., Larue A., et al. Early assessment of leukocyte alterations at diagnosis of septic shock. Shock. 2010; 34 (4): 358-63.
34. Drewry A.M., Samra N., Skrupky L.P., Fuller B.M., et al. Persistent lymphopenia after diagnosis of sepsis predicts mortality. Shock. 2014; 42 (5): 383-91.
35. Chung K.-P., Chang H.-T., Lo S.-C., Chang L.-Y., et al. Severe lymphopenia is associated with elevated plasma interleukin-15 levels and increased mortality during severe sepsis. Shock. 2015; 43 (6): 569-75.
36. Adrie C., Lugosi M., Sonneville R., Souweine B., et al. Persistent lymphopenia is a risk factor for ICU-acquired infections and for death in ICU patients with sustained hypotension at admission. Ann. Intensive Care. 2017; 7 (1): 30.
37. Chiche L., Forel J.-M., Thomas G., Farnarier C., et al. Interferon-y production by natural killer cells and cytomegalovirus in critically ill patients. Crit. Care Med. 2012; 40 (12): 3162-9.
38. Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F., Parlato M., Fitting C., Cavaillon J.-M., et al. NK cell tolerance to TLR agonists mediated by regulatory T cells after polymicrobial sepsis. J. Immunol. 2012; 188 (12): 5850-8.
39. Patera A.C., Drewry A.M., Chang K., Beiter E.R., et al. Frontline science: defects in immune function in patients with sepsis are associated with PD-1 or PD-L1 expression and can be restored by antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2016; 100 (6): 1239-54.
40. Rauch P.J., Chudnovskiy A., Robbins C.S., Weber G.F., et al. Innate response activator B cells protect against microbial sepsis. Science. 2012; 335 (6068): 597-601.
41. Weber G.F., Chousterman B.G., He S., Fenn A.M., et al. Interleukin-3 amplifies acute inflammation and is a potential therapeutic target in sepsis. Science. 2015; 347 (6227):1260-5.
42. Venet F., Davin F., Guignant C., Larue A., et al. Early assessment of leukocyte alterations at diagnosis of septic shock. Shock. 2010; 34 (4): 358-63.
43. Danahy D.B., Strother R.K., Badovinac V.P., Griffith T.S. Clinical and experimental sepsis impairs CD8 T-cell-mediated immunity. Crit. Rev. Immunol. 2016; 36 (1): 57-74.
44. Boomer J.S., To K., Chang K.C., Takasu O., et al. Immunosuppression in patients who die of sepsis and multiple organ failure. JAMA. 2011; 306 (23): 2594-605.
45. Cabrera-Perez J., Condotta S.A., Badovinac V.P., Griffith T.S. Impact of sepsis on CD4 T cell immunity. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2014; 96 (5): 767-77.
46. van der Heide V., Mohnle P., Rink J., Briegel J., et al. Down-regulation of micro RNA-31 in CD4+ T cells contributes to immunosuppression in human sepsis by promoting TH2 skewing. Anesthesiology. 2016; 124 (4): 908-22.
47. Venet F., Demaret J., Blaise B.J., Rouget C., et al. IL-7 Restores T lymphocyte immunometabolic failure in septic shock patients through mTOR activation. J. Immunol. 2017; 199 (5): 1606-15.
48. Huang H., Xu R., Lin F., Bao C., et al. High circulating CD39(+) regulatory T cells predict poor survival for sepsis patients. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2015; 30: 57-63.
49. Venet F., Chung C.-S., Kherouf H., Geeraert A., et al. Increased circulating regulatory T cells (CD4(+)CD25 (+)CD127 (-)) contribute to lymphocyte anergy in septic shock patients. Intensive Care Med. 2009; 35 (4): 678-86.
50. Cavassani K.A., Carson W.F., Moreira A.P., Wen H., et al. The post sepsis-induced expansion and enhanced function of regulatory T cells create an environment to potentiate tumor growth. Blood. 2010; 115 (22): 4403-11.
51. Nascimento D.C., Melo P.H., Pineros A.R., Ferreira R.G., et al. IL-33 contributes to sepsis-induced long-term immunosuppression by expanding the regulatory T cell population. Nat. Commun. 2017; 8: 14919.
52. Carson W.F., Cavassani K.A., Dou Y., Kunkel S.L. Epigenetic regulation of immune cell functions during post-septic immunosuppression. Epigenetics. 2011; 6 (3): 273-83.
53. Lukaszewicz A.-C., Grienay M., Resche-Rigon M., Pirracchio R., et al. Monocytic HLA-DR expression in intensive care patients: interest for prognosis and secondary infection prediction. Crit. Care Med. 2009; 37 (10): 2746-52.
54. Landelle C., Lepape A., Voirin N., Tognet E., et al. Low monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR is independently associated with nosocomial infections after septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 2010; 36 (11): 1859-66.
55. Heagy W., Hansen C., Nieman K., Cohen M., et al. Impaired ex vivo lipopolysaccharide-stimulated whole blood tumor necrosis factor production may identify ‘septic’ intensive care unit patients. Shock. 2000; 14 (3): 271-6; discussion 276-7.
56. Conway Morris A., Datta D., Shankar-Hari M., Stephen J., et al. Cell-surface signatures of immune dysfunction risk-stratify critically ill patients: INFECT study. Intensive Care Med. 2018; 44 (5): 627-35.
57. Zhang Y., Li J., Lou J., Zhou Y., et al. Upregulation of programmed death-1 on T cells and programmed death ligand-1 on monocytes in septic shock patients. Crit. Care. 2011; 15 (1): R70.
58. Inoue S., Bo L., Bian J., Unsinger J., et al. Dose-dependent effect of anti-CTLA-4 on survival in sepsis. Shock. 2011; 36 (1): 38-44.
59. Interleukin-7 ameliorates immune dysfunction and improves survival in a 2-hit model of fungal sepsis. PubMed -NCBI [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Interleukin-7+ameliorates+immune+dysfunction+an d+improves+survival+in+a+2-hit+model+of+fungal+sepsis. (date of access September 22, 2018) doi: 10.1093/infdis/jis383
60. Benjamim C.F., Lundy S.K., Lukacs N.W., Hogaboam C.M., et al. Reversal of long-term sepsis-induced immunosuppression by dendritic cells. Blood. 2005; 105 (9): 3588-95.
61. Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: from cellular dysfunctions to immunotherapy. PubMed - NCBI [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24232462 (date of access September 22, 2018) doi: 10.1038/nri3552
62. Hotchkiss R.S., Monneret G., Payen D. Immunosuppression in sepsis: a novel understanding of the disorder and a new therapeutic approach. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2013; 13 (3): 260-8.
63. Stolk R.F., van der Poll T., Angus D.C., van der Hoeven J.G., et al. Potentially Inadvertent immunomodulation: norepinephrine use in sepsis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2016; 194 (5): 550-8.
64. Leentjens J., Kox M., van der Hoeven J.G., Netea M.G., et al. Immunotherapy for the adjunctive treatment of sepsis: from immunosuppression to immunostimulation. Time for a paradigm change? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2013; 187 (12): 1287-93.
65. Delano M.J., Ward P.A. Sepsis-induced immune dysfunction: can immune therapies reduce mortality? J. Clin. Invest. 2016; 126 (1): 23-31.
66. Docke W.D., Randow F., Syrbe U., Krausch D., et al. Monocyte deactivation in septic patients: restoration by IFN-gamma treatment. Nat. Med. 1997; 3 (6): 678-81.
67. Nakos G., Malamou-Mitsi V.D., Lachana A., Karassavoglou A., et al. Immunoparalysis in patients with severe trauma and the effect of inhaled interferon-gamma. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 30 (7): 1488-94.
68. Delsing C.E., Gresnigt M.S., Leentjens J., Preijers F., et al. Interferon-gamma as adjunctive immunotherapy for invasive fungal infections: a case series. BMC Infect. Dis. 2014; 14: 166.
69. Hall M.W., Knatz N.L., Vetterly C., Tomarello S., et al. Immunoparalysis and nosocomial infection in children with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2011; 37 (3): 52532.
70. Drossou-Agakidou V., Kanakoudi-Tsakalidou F., Sarafidis K., Tzimouli V., et al. In vivo effect of rhGM-CSF And rhG-CSF on monocyte HLA-DR expression of septic neonates. Cytokine. 2002; 18 (5): 260-5.
71. Protti A., L’Acqua C., Spinelli E., Lissoni A., et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor for non-resolving legionellosis. Anaesth. Intensive Care. 2014; 42 (6): 804-6.
72. Meisel C., Schefold J.C., Pschowski R., Baumann T., et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to reverse sepsis-associated immunosuppression: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009; 180 (7): 640-8.
73. Pinder E.M., Rostron A.J., Hellyer T.P., Ruchaud-Sparagano M.-H., et al. Randomised controlled trial of GM-CSF in critically ill patients with impaired neutrophil phagocytosis. Thorax. 2018; 73 (10): 918-25.
74. Chaudhry M.S., Velardi E., Dudakov J.A., van den Brink M.R.M. Thymus: the next (re)generation. Immunol. Rev. 2016; 271 (1): 56-71.
75. Harnessing the biology of IL-7 for therapeutic application. PubMed - NCBI [Electronic Resource]. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21508983 (date of access September 23, 2018) doi: 10.1038/nri2970
76. Lundstrom W., Fewkes N.M., Mackall C.L. IL-7 in human health and disease. Semin. Immunol. 2012; 24 (3): 218-24.
77. Francois B., Jeannet R., Daix T., Walton A.H., et al. Interleukin-7 restores lymphocytes in septic shock: the IRIS-7 randomized clinical trial. JCI Insight. 2018; 3 (5). pii: 98960.
78. Dyck L., Mills K.H.G. Immune checkpoints and their inhibition in cancer and infectious diseases. Eur. J. Immunol. 2017; 47 (5): 765-79.
79. Yang Y. Cancer immunotherapy: harnessing the immune system to battle cancer. J. Clin. Invest. 2015; 125 (9): 3335-7.
80. Chang K., Svabek C., Vazquez-Guillamet C., Sato B., et al. Targeting the programmed cell death 1: programmed cell death ligand 1 pathway reverses T cell exhaustion in patients with sepsis. Crit. Care. 2014; 18 (1): R3.
81. Hotchkiss R.S., Colston E., Yende S., Angus D.C., et al. Immune checkpoint inhibition in sepsis: a phase 1b randomized, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose study of antiprogrammed cell death-ligand 1 (BMS-936559). Crit. Care Med. 2019 Feb 8.
82. Kalghatgi S., Spina C.S., Costello J.C., Liesa M., et al. Bactericidal antibiotics induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in mammalian cells. Sci. Transl. Med. 2013; 5 (192): 192ra85.
83. Cheung P.S., Si E.C., Hosseini K. Anti-inflammatory activity of azithromycin as measured by its NF-kappaB, inhibitory activity. Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm. 2010; 18 (1): 32-7.
84. Cigana C., Nicolis E., Pasetto M., Assael B.M., et al. Antiinflammatory effects of azithromycin in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2006; 350 (4): 977-82.
85. Kew K.M., Undela K., Kotortsi I., Ferrara G. Macrolides for chronic asthma. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2015; 9: CD002997.
86. Lin X., Lu J., Yang M., Dong B.R., et al. Macrolides for diffuse panbronchiolitis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2015; 1: CD007716.
87. Welsh E.J., Evans D.J., Fowler S.J., Spencer S. Interventions for bronchiectasis: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2015; (7): CD010337.
88. Mandell G.L., Coleman E. Uptake, transport, and delivery of antimicrobial agents by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2001; 45 (6): 1794-8.
89. Yang J.H., Bhargava P., McCloskey D., Mao N., et al. Antibiotic-induced changes to the host metabolic environment inhibit drug efficacy and alter immune function. Cell Host Microbe. 2017; 22 (6): 757-65.e3.
90. Suomalainen K., Sorsa T., Golub L.M., Ramamurthy N., et al. Specificity of the anticollagenase action of tetracyclines: relevance to their anti-inflammatory potential. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1992; 36 (1): 227-9.
91. Su H., Morrison R., Messer R., Whitmire W., et al. The effect of doxycycline treatment on the development of protective immunity in a murine model of chlamydial genital infection. J. Infect. Dis. 1999; 180 (4): 1252-8.
92. Naess A., Andreeva H., Sornes S. Tigecycline attenuates polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) receptors but not functions. Acta Pharm. 2011; 61 (3): 297-302.
93. Brooks B.M., Hart C.A., Coleman J.W. Differential effects of beta-lactams on human IFN-gamma activity. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2005; 56 (6): 1122-5.
94. Bode C., Diedrich B., Muenster S., Hentschel V., et al. Antibiotics regulate the immune response in both presence and absence of lipopolysaccharide through modulation of Toll-like receptors, cytokine production and phagocytosis in vitro. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2014; 18 (1): 27-34.
95. Bode C., Muenster S., Diedrich B., Jahnert S., et al. Linezolid, vancomycin and daptomycin modulate cytokine production, Toll-like receptors and phagocytosis in a human in vitro model of sepsis. J. Antibiot. (Tokyo). 2015; 68 (8): 485-90.
96. Pichereau S., Moran J.J.M., Hayney M.S., Shukla S.K., et al. Concentration-dependent effects of antimicrobials on Staphylococcus aureus toxin-mediated cytokine production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2012; 67 (1): 123-9.